Elevator guide rail selection and installation method (1)

 With the continuous growth of the Chinese economy, the urbanization process is getting faster and faster, and there are more and more construction projects. The use of elevators is very extensive. However, in the installation of elevator guide rails, if the choice of guide rails is not good, it will affect the installation quality of the elevator. Therefore, how to choose the elevator guide rails and the arrangement of the guide rail spacing according to relevant requirements has become a problem that the staff needs to solve. According to the installation and technical requirements stipulated in the national standards, analyze the load of the elevator guide rails, apply the analysis results to the selection of elevator guide rails, and calculate and analyze the spacing between the guide rails. This study has certain reference value for the safe and stable operation of elevators.

Keywords: elevator; guide rail; bracket spacing

1. Installation requirements of elevator guide rails

The quality of the guide rail installation quality directly affects the comfort and safety of elevator equipment operation. The selection and design of guide rail installation technology is an important part of elevator installation. The main functions of the guide rail are: balancing the weight of the car device and the function of the guide rail; supporting and ensuring the reliable operation of the safety device. The national standard strictly stipulates: In order to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the elevator, the guide rails and related accessories should be able to carry a synthetic application load and should be supported by at least two railways. It meets the GB7588-2003 guide rail requirements, and has a calculation basis for the guide rail spacing greater than 2.5 meters.

The fixing method of the guide rail bracket of different shaft wall structure materials is different. If the shaft wall is a concrete structure, there are generally four methods for fixing the bracket: steel plate pre-embedded method; fixed expansion plug method; when the thickness of the shaft wall is less than 0.1m, the anchor rod fixing method is used: direct embedding method. The well wall adopts brick structure. In order to ensure the reliable fixation of the guide rail bracket, it is best to use a concrete ring beam to fix the bracket or install a channel steel bracket on the well wall. High-quality installation requires verticality and stability of the guide rail. In addition, there are precision requirements such as balanced rail spacing and small joint gap. In order to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the guide rail cage and the balance on the guide rail, many strict precision requirements are placed on the installation process in the guide rail installation standard specifications.

2. Selection of elevator guide rails

According to different cross-sectional shapes, elevator guide rails are divided into L-shaped, T-shaped and hollow-shaped. L-type and hollow-type guide rails have low cost, but cannot be used for the construction of unsupported safety gear, and are usually only used on the balance side. Medium and high-speed elevators do not use these two kinds of guide rails: t-type guide rails have a wide range of applications, and their manufacture and use have been standardized and standardized. The contact between the guide rail and the guide shoe is shown in Figure 1. As can be seen from the industry standard of t-type guide rails, t-type guide rails have been serialized. The main parameters are bottom width b, top height h, working surface thickness k; different materials, different processing techniques and different types of t-type guide rails With different strengths and stiffness. In the field installation, it is necessary to strictly follow the elevator installation process to calculate and verify whether the arrangement of the guide rails matches the bearing capacity. However, in order to obtain a more accurate guide rail model, the bearing capacity of the guide rail needs to be calculated and analyzed. The appendix of GB7588-2003 only provides a simple qualitative description of the calculation of the bearing capacity of the guide rail.

In order to simplify the calculation process, the stress conditions of the guide rail are simplified. When the load distribution is uniform, the calculation method of the guide rail is simplified as: (1) The rated load that the car can withstand is not evenly applied to the entire car plane, but to 3/4 of the car plane (in the most unfavorable case) ; (2) The braking force generated by the safety clip is evenly distributed on the extension line of the guide rail. When multiple guide rails or multiple safety devices work simultaneously, the static force can be evenly distributed. When checking and calculating the selection of guide rails, the load under the most unfavorable working condition is usually selected for analysis. There are two operating conditions for elevator operation: normal operation, relatively stable load, safe clamping, and certain impact load.